Presenteeism and noise perception at work: a cross-sectional study using association analysis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Presenteeism refers to the presence of a worker at work with reduced performance due to illness, and it is a common public health problem. Exposure to noise during production processes brings risk to workers' health. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the health profile of workers in the automotive industry and identify the association between noise perception and presenteeism among workers in the Brazilian automotive industry. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study utilizing a case study design analyzing the automotive industry in the interior of São Paulo state, Brazil. METHODS: This study included 306 workers using the Presenteeism Work Limitations Questionnaire protocol. Multiple logistic regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Male workers with reports of headache, tension, and limited well-being at work, having perceived that noise exposure interferes with productivity, showed a positive association with the occurrence of presenteeism. Physical demand had the highest score in terms of interfering with the presenteeism index. CONCLUSION: Workers' perceptions of noise were associated with presenteeism.

Analysis of noise reduction measures in a noise workshop handover control room / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the sound insulation, sound absorption and other noise reduction transformation methods in a noise workshop handover control room. Methods: In December 2021, through the occupational health investigation and on-site testing of the handover control room of a noise workshop, the causes of excessive noise were analyzed, and the transformation design scheme to reduce noise was proposed and the effect was analyzed. Results: Before the transformation, the peak frequency band noise intensity of the noise workshop handover control room was 112.8 dB (A), and the peak frequency was 1000 Hz. After noise reduction, the theoretical calculated control value was 61.0 dB (A), and the measured noise intensity was 59.8 dB (A) . Conclusion: The noise intensity of the handover control room is reduced after noise reduction, which is in line with the contact limit requirements of the control room in GBZ 1-2010 "Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises", and has reference significance for noise control engineering.

Research on early warning model of the hearing loss of workers exposed to noise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the change of hearing threshold of workers exposed to noise, establish an individual-based hearing loss early warning model, accurately and differentiated the health of workers exposed to noise. Methods: In September 2019, all physical examination data of 561 workers exposed to noise from an enterprise were collected since their employment. Three indicators of average hearing threshold of the better ear, namely, at high frequency, 4000 Hz and speech frequency, were constructed. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to adjust gender and age and establish the warning model of each indicator. Finally, sensitive indicators and warning models were screened according to AUC and Yoden index. Results: Among the 561 workers exposed to noise, 26 (4.6%) workers had hearing loss. The sensitivity indicators were the average hearing threshold at speech frequency ≥20 dB, high frequency ≥30 dB and 4000 Hz ≥25 dB. The AUC of each index was 0.602, 0.794 and 0.804, and the Youden indexes were 0.204, 0.588 and 0.608, respectively. In GEE of hearing loss warning models, high-frequency hearing threshold ≥20 dB and 4000 Hz hearing threshold ≥25 dB were the optimal models, with AUC of 0.862. Conclusion: Combined with the changes of individual hearing threshold over the years, can accurately assess the risk of individual hearing loss of workers exposed to noise.

Bibliometric and bioinformatics analysis of genetic literature on susceptibility to noise induced hearing loss / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To summarize and analyse of literature on the susceptibility genes of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) , and the key genes were screened and obtained by bioinformatics method, so as to provide reference for the prevention research of NIHL. Methods: In September 2021, Based on CNKI, NCBI Pubmed database and Web of Science database, this paper conducted bibliometric analysis and bioinformatics analysis on the genetic literature related to the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss from 1999 to 2020. Endnote X9 software and the WPS office software were used for bibliometric analysis, and online software STRING and Cytoscape software were used for bioinformatics analysis. Results: A total of 131 literatures were included in the study, involving 40 genes in total. Bibliometric analysis shows that 131 papers which included 36 Chinese articles and 95 English articles were published in 63 biomedical journals; the highest number of published articles was 19 in 2020. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that GAPDH、SOD2、SOD1、CAT、CASP3、IL6 and other genes play a key role in the interaction network. The involved pathways mainly include MAP2K and MAPK activations, PTEN regulation, P53-depardent G1 DNA damage response, signaoling by BRAF and RAF fusions and soon. Conclusion: The study of noise induced hearing loss involves multi gene biological information, and bioinformatics analysis is helpful to predict the occurrence and development of noise induced hearing loss.

Research progress on the health effects of occupational noise exposure on cardiovascular system of workers / 中国职业医学

@#Noise is a common occupational hazardous factor in the workplace. In addition to the specific damage to the auditory ， system of workers it can also harm the cardiovascular system and cause a serious disease burden. The mechanism of ， occupational noise on the cardiovascular system of workers is mainly oxidative stress inflammation and vascular endothelial ， - - - damage. As a stressor noise mainly leads to the changes of sympathoadrenal medullary system and hypothalamic pituitary ， ， ， - ， adrenal axis. The substances that play an important role include catecholamines cortisol angiotensin Ⅱ endothelin 1 - endothelial nitric oxide synthase and interleukin 6. The population epidemiological studies have shown that occupational noise ， exposure can lead to elevated blood pressure abnormal electrocardiogram and elevated blood lipids in workers. The influencing （ ， ， ） factors include noise characteristics intensity cumulative noise exposure and frequency and noise combined with other （ ， ， ， - ， occupational hazards such as high temperature welding fumes organic solvents hand transmitted vibration and work ） ， ， ， shifts . However due to the influence of research conditions experimental design and other factors some research conclusions still have limitations. More prospective and comprehensive studies are needed to verify the relevant conclusions in the future.

Changes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in workers exposed to noise / 中国职业医学

@#Objective - （ ）- （ ） To observe the effects of renin angiotensin Ang aldosterone system RAAS in workers exposed to Methods - - occupational noise. Forty five workers with suspected occupational noise induced deafness were selected as noise ， ， exposure group using convenient sampling method. According to their tinnitus symptom noise exposure intensity and work age - ， ， they were divided into no tinnitus and tinnitus subgroups <90 dB and ≥90 dB subgroups work years <10 years and ≥10 years subgroups. Another 45 workers with no occupational noise exposure history were selected as control group. The levels of plasma （ ）， ， ， renin activity PRA AngⅠ AngⅡ and aldosterone of the two groups were detected and the aldosterone to renin activity Results ratio was calculated. The diastolic blood pressure of the noise exposure group was higher than that of the control group ［（ ）vs（ ） ，P ］ ， 80±7 76±8 mmHg <0.05 . However there was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure between the two （P ） （ ： groups >0.05 . The level of plasma AngⅡ in the noise exposure group was higher than that in the control group median vs ，P ） （ P ） 100.98 65.43 μg/L <0.05 . There was no statistical significance in other indexes between the two groups all >0.05 . The （ ： plasma AngⅡ level in < 90 dB subgroup in the noise exposure group was higher than that of the control group median 123.16 vs ，P ） 65.43 μg/L <0.05 . There was no statistical significance in other indexes among the two subgroups of tinnitus symptom or （ P ） work age in the noise exposure group and the control group all >0.05 . There were no significant differences in the abnormal ， （ P ） rates of PRA AngⅡ and aldosterone in plasma between the noise exposure group and the control group all >0.05 . Conclusion Occupational noise exposure may affect RAAS and lead to increased plasma AngⅡ levels in the workers. - Tinnitus and work age may not affect RAAS in occupational noise exposure workers.

Changes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in workers exposed to noise / 中国职业医学

@#Objective - （ ）- （ ） To observe the effects of renin angiotensin Ang aldosterone system RAAS in workers exposed to Methods - - occupational noise. Forty five workers with suspected occupational noise induced deafness were selected as noise ， ， exposure group using convenient sampling method. According to their tinnitus symptom noise exposure intensity and work age - ， ， they were divided into no tinnitus and tinnitus subgroups <90 dB and ≥90 dB subgroups work years <10 years and ≥10 years subgroups. Another 45 workers with no occupational noise exposure history were selected as control group. The levels of plasma （ ）， ， ， renin activity PRA AngⅠ AngⅡ and aldosterone of the two groups were detected and the aldosterone to renin activity Results ratio was calculated. The diastolic blood pressure of the noise exposure group was higher than that of the control group ［（ ）vs（ ） ，P ］ ， 80±7 76±8 mmHg <0.05 . However there was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure between the two （P ） （ ： groups >0.05 . The level of plasma AngⅡ in the noise exposure group was higher than that in the control group median vs ，P ） （ P ） 100.98 65.43 μg/L <0.05 . There was no statistical significance in other indexes between the two groups all >0.05 . The （ ： plasma AngⅡ level in < 90 dB subgroup in the noise exposure group was higher than that of the control group median 123.16 vs ，P ） 65.43 μg/L <0.05 . There was no statistical significance in other indexes among the two subgroups of tinnitus symptom or （ P ） work age in the noise exposure group and the control group all >0.05 . There were no significant differences in the abnormal ， （ P ） rates of PRA AngⅡ and aldosterone in plasma between the noise exposure group and the control group all >0.05 . Conclusion Occupational noise exposure may affect RAAS and lead to increased plasma AngⅡ levels in the workers. - Tinnitus and work age may not affect RAAS in occupational noise exposure workers.

Investigation on occupational hazards of non-coal mines in Hunan Province in 2021 / 中国职业医学

@#Abstract: Objective - To understand the status of occupational hazards in non coal mine mountains in Hunan Province. Methods - - A cross sectional survey was conducted on 432 non coal mining enterprises in Hunan Province in 2021. The field ， occupational health survey occupational disease hazard factors detection and occupational health monitoring data analysis were Results - carried out. Limited liability companies and private enterprises were the main economic types of non coal mining ， ， mountains in Hunan Province accounting for 55.3% and 32.4% respectively. The size of enterprises was mainly small and ， ； - micro enterprises accounting for 59.3% and 35.2% respectively 78.0% of the enterprises were in non metallic mining. The - ， over standard rates of silica dust and noise in workplaces were 17.1% and 29.4% respectively. The exposure rate of ， （P ） occupational hazard factor was 47.3%. The smaller the enterprise scale the higher the exposure rate <0.01 . The number of ， ， people exposed to silica dust and noise was the largest with the exposure rate of 29.4% and 31.0% respectively. The rates of ， occupational health training for persons in charge of enterprises occupational health management personnel and workers were ， ， ， 73.8% 73.4% and 85.0% respectively. The smaller the enterprise scale the lower the occupational health training rates of ， ， enterprise leaders occupational health management personnel and workers and the lower the implementation rates of （ P ） - - enterprise occupational health examination all <0.05 . The fully installed rate and effective rate of occupational disease ； prevention facilities were 6.9% and 1.6% respectively and the fully deployed rate and effective wearing rate of personal ， protective equipment were 11.1% and 6.2% respectively. The detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected ， Conclusion occupational diseases in workers exposed to silica dust and noise were 2.0% and 2.9% respectively. The - ， occupational risks such as silica dust and noise are serious in non coal mine mountains of Hunan Province and the foundation of occupational health management is weak in small and micro enterprises.

Noise exposure and its impact on health in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To learn about the noise exposure and health status of workers and analyze factors that may affect the health outcomes of workers in an auto manufacturing enterprise in Tianjin City. Methods: In September 2020, occupational hygiene survey, noise exposure level detection and occupational health examination data collection were carried out in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise. Chi square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the health effects of noise exposure and hearing loss of 361 noise exposure workers. Results: The rates of over-standard noise exposure, hearing loss and hypertension were 69.39% (34/49) , 33.24% (120/361) and 11.36% (41/361) , respectively. There were upward trends on age and noise-working years for hearing loss and hypertension rates (χ(2)=-5.95, -6.16, -2.81, -2.74, P<0.05) . Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age>35 years old, noise exposure length of service >10 years and noise L(EX, 8 h)>85 dB (A) were risk factors for hearing loss (OR=3.57, 95%CI: 1.09, 11.75; OR=4.05, 95%CI: 1.97, 8.25; OR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.00, 3.05; P=0.036, 0.001, 0.047) . Conclusion: This company has a high rate of job noise exceeding the standard, and noise-exposed workers have more serious hearing loss. Age, noise exposure and high noise exposure are risk factors for hearing loss.

Literature analysis of hot topics on occupational noise-induced hearing loss / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the literature of related research reports on occupational hearing loss (ONIHL) , study the characteristics of the subject and determine the research hotspots. Methods: In December 2020, PubMed database was searched by bibliometrics for ONIHL published in PubMed database from January 1971 to December 2020. Bicomb 2.03 software was used to extract the subject. The publication year, publication country, source magazine and subject words were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of 1 473 papers were included in this study, and the number of papers was 66 from 1971 to 1980, and 628 from 2011 to 2020, an increase of nearly 10 times. The top three countries were the United States, China and Germany, with 31.5% (464/1473) , 11.5% (171/1473) and 6.2% (91/1473) ; The cross-sectional study was the most applied type; The top five words for 2011-2020: Mental Illness, polymorphism, cardiovascular disease, high frequency hearing impairment and standards and regulations. Conclusion: Susceptibility Genes, Psychological Disorders, Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Assessment are hot areas in ONIHL at present. Researchers should focus on major fields and grasp future trends as a whole.

Application of three risk assessment methods to noise risk assessment in an automobile foundry enterprise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the applicability of three different kinds of noise occupational health risk assessment methods to the occupational health risk assessment of noise exposed positions in an automobile foundry enterprise. Methods: In July 2020, the occupational-health risk assessment of noise-exposed positions was conducted by using the Guidelines for risk management of occupational noise hazard (guideline method) , the International Commission on Mining and Metals Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment (ICMM) method and the Occupational-health risk index method (index method) respectively, and the results were analyzed and compared. Results: Through the occupational health field investigation, the noise exposure level of the enterprise's main workstations was between 80.3 and 94.8 dB (A) , among which the noise of the posts of shaking-sand, cleaning and modeling was greater than 85 dB (A) ; The noise risk of each position was evaluated by the three methods, and the adjustment risk level was between 2 and 5 assessed using the guideline method, between 2 and 3 assessed using the index method, and 5 evaluated using the ICMM model. Conclusion: Each of the three risk assessment methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The ICMM model has a large difference in value assignment, and values in the results are larger than expected. The evaluation results of the guideline method and the index method are consistent in some positions, there is certain subjectivity in the evaluation using the index method, and the guideline method is more objective.

Association between occupational noise exposure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the association between occupational noise exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a large Chinese population. Methods: In December 2019, the study included 21412 retired participants from the Dongfeng-Tongji Cohort Study at baseline from September 2008 to June 2010, occupational noise exposure was evaluated through workplace noise level and/or the job titles. In a subsample of 8931 subjects, bilateral hearing loss was defined as a pure-tone mean of 25 dB or higher at 0.5, 1 , 2, and 4 kHz in both ears. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association of occupational noise exposure, bilateral hearing loss with 10-year CVD risk. Results: Compared with participants without occupational noise exposure, the 10-year CVD risk was significantly higher for noise exposure duration ≥20 years (OR=1.20, 95%CI:1.01-1.41 , P=0.001) after adjusting for potential confounders. In the sex-specific analysis, the association was only statistically significant in males (OR=2.34, 95%CI: 1.18-4.66, P<0.001) , but not in females (OR=1.15, 95%CI:0.97-1.37, P=0.153). In the subsample analyses, bilateral hearing loss, which was an indicator for exposure to loud noise, was also associated with a higher risk of 10-year CVD (OR= 1.17, 95% CI:1.05-1.44, P <0.001) , especially for participants who were males (OR =1.24, 95% CI:1.07-2.30, P<0.001) , aged equal and over 60 years old (OR=2.30, 95%CI: 1.84-2.88, P<0.001) , and exposed to occupational noise (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.02-2.70, P=0.001). Conclusion: Occupational noise exposure may be a risk factor for CVD.

Evaluación del ambiente sonoro de la Empresa Productora y Comercializadora de Glucosas, Almidón y Derivados del Maíz. Cienfuegos, Cuba / Evaluation of sound environment in the Manufacturing and Marketing Company of glucose, starch and other corn byproducts. Cienfuegos, Cuba

RESUMEN Fundamento el ruido se incluye dentro de los cinco principales factores de riesgo de naturaleza física para la salud en el medio laboral. Objetivo determinar si la contaminación acústica de la Empresa Productora y Comercializadora de Glucosas, Almidón y Derivados del Maíz, de Cienfuegos sobrepasa los valores máximos admisibles establecidos en la NC 871/11 de Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo. Métodos se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en la Empresa Productora y Comercializadora de Glucosas, Almidón y Derivados del Maíz de Cienfuegos, en el mes de febrero de 2018. En la empresa laboraban 287 trabajadores, de ellos 247 directos a la producción. Las mediciones del nivel sonoro en el área de trabajo se realizaron según la metodología que establece la Norma Cubana vigente NC 19-01-14/83. Se analizaron las variables: nivel sonoro equivalente continuo, expresado en decibeles (dB(A)) y el tiempo de exposición (en horas). Para medir el ruido se utilizó un sonómetro integrador clase 2. Las mediciones se realizaron durante la jornada laboral. Resultados en el generador de vapor, caldera de compresores, área de molinación y generación, recepción de maíz y limpieza, empaque fábrica de pienso, secadores y centrífugas los niveles de ruido sobrepasan los 90 db(a) de exposición. En los previos 2 y 3 del área molinación y generación, los niveles de ruido fueron superiores a los 100 db(a) de exposición. Conclusiones: los niveles de ruido encontrados sobrepasan el valor máximo admisible, lo que pudiera ocasionar consecuencias nocivas en la salud de los trabajadores por lo que se hace necesario intervenir en este medio laboral.

ABSTRACT Foundation: noise is included among the 5 risk factors of physical origin for health in the working environment. Objective: to determine if sound pollution at the Cienfuegos Manufacturing and Marketing Company of glucose, starch and other corn byproducts, exceeds maximum admissible values on NC 871/11 of Health Safety and Health at Work. Methods: a cross descriptive study at the Cienfuegos Manufacturing and Marketing Company of glucose, starch and other corn byproducts was conducted, on February 2018. A number of 287 persons were working, out of them 247 directly in production processes. Measurements of sound levels in the working areas were done according to the valid Cuban standard NC 19-01-14/83. Variables continues equivalent sound level, express in decibels (dB(A) and time of exposure in hours. To measure noise, it was used and integrative sonometer type 2. Measurements were done the during working hours. Results: in the steam generator, compressor boiler, grinding and generation areas, corn reception and cleaning, animal feed factory, dryers and centrifugal equipment noise levels exceed 90 db (a) of exposition. Conclusion: the levels of noise found exceed the admissible maximum which might produce harmful health consequences on workers therefore it is necessary to intervene this working environment

Study on the association between occupational noise exposure and cardiovascular diseases / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Occupational noise is one of the most common occupational hazards in the workplace. Long-term exposure to occupational noise could not only lead to the damage of the hearing system, but also may cause a certain impact on the cardiovascular system. Studies have shown that occupational noise exposure was positively associated with cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. However, the results of studies on occupational noise exposure and stroke are still controversial. This paper reviews the relationship between occupational noise exposure and hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction by summarizing the epidemiological data of domestic and foreign population in recent years. Our study could provide evidence for the design and implementation of well-designed epidemiological and mechanism studies, and the recognition of the role of occupational noise exposure in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, so as to better protect workers' health.

Research progress on non-steady state noise-induced hearing loss / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Non-steady state noise has become the main type of workplace noise. Compared with steady state noise, non-steady state noise may cause more serious hearing loss. This paper reviews the new situation of occupational hearing loss caused by non-steady state noise exposure, the overview of international noise exposure assessment standards and new challenges, and the new evidence of non-steady state noise induced hearing loss, so as to provide the basis for the future research of non-steady state noise induced hearing loss.

Revisão sistemática de intervenções para prevenção da perda auditiva induzida por ruído ocupacional - uma atualização / Systematic Review of Interventions to Prevent Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss - A Follow-up

Resumo Objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a efetividade de intervenções para prevenção da perda auditiva induzida por ruído ocupacional, atualizando os achados da mais recente versão da revisão sistemática Cochrane do mesmo tema. Estratégia de pesquisa As buscas ocorreram nas bases PubMed, Web of Science e Scopus. Critérios de seleção Como intervenções, foram considerados: controles de engenharia/administrativos; dispositivos de proteção auditiva (DPA); vigilância auditiva e monitoramento audiológico. Análise dos dados Para a análise de risco de viés, cada estudo foi avaliado de acordo com a adoção de randomização, alocação, cegamento, desfecho, outras fontes de viés. Resultados Foram obtidas 475 referências no total. Destas, 17 estudos cumpriram os critérios de inclusão: um randomizado, um de série temporal interrompida e 15 de antes e depois. A maioria dos estudos foi realizada em indústrias; três em ambiente militar e/ou de treinamento de tiro; um em orquestra e outro em construção civil. A maioria dos estudos mostrou alto risco de viés. Seis estudos verificaram redução da exposição ao ruído a curto prazo por meio de controles de engenharia/administrativos; um verificou impacto positivo decorrente de mudança na legislação; cinco verificaram efeitos positivos dos DPA na diminuição da exposição ao ruído e dos treinamentos educacionais no uso do DPA; e dois encontraram redução dos níveis de ruído e aumento no uso do DPA decorrentes da implementação de programas de conservação auditiva. Conclusão Todos os estudos analisados concluíram que as intervenções utilizadas resultaram em efeitos positivos sobre a audição e/ou sobre a exposição ao ruído. Em relação aos efeitos de longo termo, a grande maioria dos estudos limitou-se a avaliar efeitos imediatos ou de curto termo, reforçando que estudos incluindo follow-up de longo termo devem ser desenvolvidos.

Abstract Purpose To conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to prevent occupational hearing loss, following up on the findings of the most recent version of Cochrane systematic review on the same topic. Research strategy Searches were carried out in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Selection criteria The following interventions were considered: engineering/administrative controls; hearing protection devices (HPD); and audiological monitoring. Data analysis For bias risk analysis, each study was assessed according to randomization, allocation, blinding, outcomes, other sources of bias. Results 475 references were obtained. Of these, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria: one randomized, one interrupted time series, and 15 before and after studies. Most studies were conducted in industries; three in military and/or shooting training environments; one in an orchestra, and one in construction. Most studies showed a high risk of bias. Six studies found a reduction in short-term exposure to noise through engineering/administrative controls; one found a positive impact due to changes in legislation; five studies have found positive effects of HPD in reducing exposure to noise and of educational trainings in the use of HPD; lastly, two studies found a reduction in noise levels and an increase in the using of HPD due to the implementation of hearing conservation programs. Conclusão Todos os estudos analisados concluíram que as intervenções utilizadas resultaram em efeitos positivos sobre a audição e/ou sobre a exposição ao ruído. Em relação aos efeitos de longo termo, a grande maioria dos estudos limitou-se a avaliar efeitos imediatos ou de curto termo, reforçando que estudos incluindo follow-up de longo termo devem ser desenvolvidos.

Presenteísmo e fatores de saúde associados ao ruído ocupacional: estudo de associação em uma empresa do ramo de extrativismo mineral / Presenteeism and health factors associated with occupational noise: association study in a company of the extraction industry / Presentismo y factores de salud asociados con el ruido ocupacional: Estudio de la asociación en una empresa de la industria de extracción

O ruído ocupacional representa um risco à saúde dos trabalhadores, como perda auditiva e zumbido, ainda muito predominante em diversos ambientes e processos. O presenteísmo é definido como um fenômeno em que o trabalhador se encontra fisicamente no trabalho, mas por diversos fatores tem sua concentração e dedicação prejudicadas na realização da atividade. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar que fatores estão associados, incluindo aqueles relacionados à exposição ao ruído, à ocorrência de presenteísmo. O estudo se caracteriza como exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. No delineamento foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma empresa localizada no Vale do Paraíba, com uma amostra de 23 trabalhadores da indústria da mineração. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação do protocolo Work Limitations Questionnaire de presenteísmo e de questionário de dados sociodemográficos. A análise de associação dos desfechos foi realizada por meio de regressão logística múltipla. Foi possível verificar que, a demanda física foi a que teve maior escore, bem como o fator zumbido pode ser considerado como variável que influencia o presenteísmo.

Occupational noise represents a risk to workers' health, such as hearing loss and tinnitus, still very prevalent in various environments and processes. Presenteeism is defined as a phenomenon in which the worker is physically at work, but due to various factors, his concentration and dedication are impaired in performing the activity. This study aims to identify which factors are associated, including those related to noise exposure, to the occurrence of presenteeism. The study is characterized as exploratory, with quantitative approach. In the design a case study was carried out in a company located in the Vale do Paraíba, with a sample of 23 workers from the mining industry. Data were obtained by applying the Work Limitations Questionnaire presenteeism protocol and the sociodemographic data questionnaire. The outcome association analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression. It was possible to verify that the physical demand was the one with the highest score, and the tinnitus factor can be considered as a variable that influences the presenteeism.

El ruido laboral representa un riesgo para la salud de los trabajadores, como la pérdida de audición y el tinnitus, que sigue siendo muy frecuente en diversos entornos y procesos. El presentismo se define como un fenómeno en el que el trabajador está físicamente en el trabajo, pero debido a varios factores, su concentración y dedicación se ven perjudicados para realizar la actividad. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar qué factores están asociados, incluidos los relacionados con la exposición al ruido, a la ocurrencia de presentismo. El estudio se caracteriza por ser exploratorio, con enfoque cuantitativo. En el diseño se realizó un estudio de caso en una empresa ubicada en Vale de Paraíba, con una muestra de 23 trabajadores de la industria minera. Los datos se obtuvieron aplicando el protocolo de presentismo WLQ y el cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. El análisis de asociación de resultados se realizó mediante regresión logística múltiple. Fue posible verificar que la demanda física fue la que obtuvo la puntuación más alta, y el factor tinnitus puede considerarse como una variable que influye en el presentismo.

Factores asociados a hipoacusia inducida por ruido en trabajadores de una empresa metalmecánica de Talara, Piura periodo 2015 ­ 2018 / Factors associated with hypoacusia induced by noise in workers of a metalmechanical company of Talara, Piura. Period 2015 ­ 2018

Introducción: La hipoacusia es una enfermedad ocupacional frecuente y ocasiona deterioro en la calidad de vida de los trabajadores. Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a hipoacusia inducida por ruido en trabajadores de una empresa metalmecánica. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico. Se utilizaron datos de historias clínicas ocupacionales para determinar la frecuencia de hipoacusia debido a ruido y sus potenciales factores asociados (edad, sexo, antecedentes personales). Se construyeron modelos de regresión simple y múltiple, estimando razones de prevalencia (RP) utilizando modelos lineales generalizados, familia Poisson y función de enlace log. Resultados: De 1543 trabajadores, la media de edad fue 36,7 años y la mayoría era hombre (93,6%). Solo el 8,2% reportó enfermedad y/o accidente laboral previo a la evaluación ocupacional. El 10,7% presentó hipoacusia debido al ruido. La frecuencia de presentar hipoacusia incrementaba 10% por cada año adicional de edad (RP=1,10, IC95%: 1,09-1,12, p<0,001) y tener el antecedente de enfermedad/accidente laboral incrementaba 75% la frecuencia de presentar hipoacusia (RP=1,75, IC95%: 1,28-2,40, p<0,001). Conclusión: La prevalencia de hipoacusia debido a ruido fue baja, La edad en años y el antecedente de enfermedad/accidente laboral se asociaron de forma positiva a presentar hipoacusia. Se sugiere realizar un seguimiento anual de audiometrías, con especial énfasis en los antecedentes ocupacionales asociados a hipoacusia debido al ruido.

Introduction: Hearing loss is a frequent occupational disease and causes deterioration in the quality of life of workers. The objective was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with noise-induced hearing loss in workers of a metalworking company. Material and Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study. Data from occupational medical records were used to determine the frequency of hearing loss due to noise and its potential associated factors (age, sex, personal history). Simple and multiple regression models were constructed, estimating prevalence ratios (RP) using generalized linear models, Poisson family and log link function. Results: Of 1543 workers, the average age was 36.7 years and the majority were male (93.6%). Only 8.2% reported illness and/or occupational accident prior to the occupational evaluation. 10.7% had hearing loss due to noise. The frequency of presenting hearing loss increased 10% foreach additional year of age (PR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.09-1.12, p <0.001) and having a history of illness / work accident increased 75% the frequency of presenting hearing loss (RP= 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28-2.40, p <0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss due to noise was low. Age in years and the history of illness / accident were positively associated with hearing loss. It is suggested that annual audiometry follow-up be carried out, with special emphasis on the occupational history associated with hearing loss due to noise.

Condições de saúde vocal e do trabalho dos professores brasileiros: EDUCATEL, 2015-2016 / Condições de saúde vocal e do trabalho dos professores brasileiros: EDUCATEL, 2015-2016

Introdução: A Educação se articula a diferentes dimensões e espaços da vida e está entrelaçada às dinâmicas econômica, social, cultural e política da sociedade. Os professores são responsáveis pelo preparo do cidadão e, portanto, é reconhecida a importância que ocupam. No entanto, a precarização das condições de trabalho a que estão expostos podem influenciar a atuação profissional e explicar a presença de morbidades entre os docentes com impacto direto na saúde vocal. Objetivos: 1) Estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à percepção de ruído intenso nas escolas da Educação Básica no Brasil. 2) Analisar a limitação no trabalho por causa da voz e a associação com características individuais e do trabalho entre os professores da Educação Básica no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal de base populacional, realizado entre outubro de 2015 a março de 2016 com 6.510 professores. Os procedimentos de amostragem utilizados visaram obter amostra probabilística do universo de professores da Educação Básica em escala nacional. A coleta dos dados aconteceu via telefone por meio de um questionário com 54 questões sobre condições do trabalho, saúde e estilo de vida. Os desfechos de interesse foram: ruído intenso no trabalho (desfecho 1) e limitação no trabalho por causa da voz (desfecho 2). Para a análise dos dados foram realizadas análises descritiva e de associação, por meio da regressão de Poisson (objetivo 1) e regressão logística ordinal (objetivo 2) a fim de se investigar a associação das variáveis respostas elegíveis com as variáveis explicativas para cada modelo elaborado. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A maioria dos professores brasileiros era do sexo feminino (80,3%), com idade média de 40,3±10,6 anos, se autodeclarou branco (50,8%) e tinha filhos (66,5%). Ao analisar o ruído como desfecho de interesse verificou-se alta prevalência de percepção de ruído intenso nas escolas brasileiras (33%). Houve associação positiva ao desfecho os relatos de agitação em sala de aula (RP=3,41; IC95%=3,07-3,75); percepção de trabalhar sob alto nível de exigência (RP=1,33; IC95%=1,22-1,45); ter sofrido violência verbal pelos alunos (RP=1,21; IC95%=1,11=1,31); lecionar para diferentes modalidades de ensino (RP=1,21; IC95%=1,02-1,42) e a escola contar com número de professores atuantes superior a trinta (RP=1,28; IC95%=1,07-1,54). Os professores que relataram um ambiente agradável na escola (RP=0,81; IC95%=0,75-0,87), assim como os que atuavam na área censitária rural (RP=0,84; IC95%=0,75-0,95) perceberam menor ruído no trabalho. Para o desfecho relacionado à limitação no trabalho por problemas na voz, um terço dos professores brasileiros relatou perceber esta limitação com alguma frequência e, destes, 5% declararam que esta limitação ocorreu frequentemente. Os fatores que aumentaram a chance de maior frequência de limitação no trabalho por causa da voz foram: ser do sexo feminino (OR=1,32; IC95%=1,15-1,51); lecionar para o ensino fundamental (OR=1,35; IC95%=1,02-1,78); usar medicamentos ansiolíticos ou antidepressivos (OR=1,46; IC95%=1,20-1,78); perder o sono por preocupações (OR=1,69; IC=95%=1,46-1,95); ruído elevado na escola (OR=2,09; IC95%=1,78-2,46); ambiente agitado por indisciplina dos alunos (OR=1,37; IC95%=1,15-1,63); alta exigência no trabalho (OR=1,18; IC95%=1,02-1,36); não possuir apoio social (OR= 1,19; IC95%=1,04-1,38); ter sofrido violência verbal pelos alunos (OR=1,43; IC95%=1,23-1,67). Em contrapartida a prática de atividade física regular (OR=0,86; IC95%=0,75-1,00) e o fato de ter tempo suficiente para cumprir as tarefas do trabalho (OR=0,71; IC95%=0,62-0,82) diminuiu a chance de maior frequência de limitação no trabalho por problemas vocais. A percepção que o trabalho limita a atuação docente por causa da voz foi mais frequente entre os professores das regiões Norte (OR=1,41; IC95%=1,17-1,71) e Nordeste (OR=1,46; IC95%=1,22-1,76) comparado à região Sudeste. Conclusão: Este estudo de caráter nacional avaliou o comprometimento da saúde vocal e das condições de trabalho dos professores brasileiros. Houve elevada prevalência de limitação no trabalho por problemas na voz, assim como relato de ruído intenso nas escolas. Constatou-se ainda que a localização da escola, assim como aspectos ambientais e organizacionais do trabalho estão associados à percepção de limitação no trabalho por problemas vocais e ruído intenso no contexto escolar.

Introduction: Education is linked to different dimensions and spaces of life and is intertwined with the economic, social, cultural and political dynamics of society. Teachers are responsible for citizen preparation and therefore their importance is recognized. However, the precariousness of working conditions to which they are exposed may influence their professional performance and explain the presence of morbidities among teachers with direct impact on vocal health. Objectives: 1) To determine the prevalence of the perception of loud noise in basic education schools in Brazil and the associated factors. 2) Analyze the limitation at work because of the voice and the association with individual and work characteristics among Basic Education teachers in Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted from October 2015 to March 2016 with 6,510 teachers. The sampling procedures used aimed to obtain a probabilistic sample of the universe of basic education teachers on a national scale. Data collection took place via telephone through a questionnaire with 54 questions about working conditions, health and lifestyle. Outcomes of interest were: loud noise at work (outcome 1) and limitation at work because of voice (outcome 2). For data analysis, descriptive and association analyzes were performed using Poisson regression (objective 1) and ordinal logistic regression (objective 2) in order to investigate the association of the eligible response variables with the explanatory variables for each model elaborated. The adopted significance level was 5%. Results: Most Brazilian teachers were female (80.3%), with a mean age of 40.3 ± 10.6 years, self-declared white (50.8%) and had children (66.5%). Analyzing noise as an outcome of interest showed a high prevalence of perception of intense noise in Brazilian schools (33%). There was a positive association with the outcome of reports of classroom agitation (PR = 3.41; 95% CI = 3.07- 3.75); perception of working under high demands (PR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.22-1.45); have suffered verbal violence by students (PR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.11 = 1.31); teach for different teaching modalities (PR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.02-1.42) and the school has more than 30 active teachers (PR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.07- 1.54). Teachers who reported a pleasant environment at school (PR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.75-0.87), as well as those working in the rural census area (PR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.75) -0.95) noticed less noise at work. For the outcome related to limitation at work due to voice problems, one third of Brazilian teachers reported noticing this limitation with some frequency, and of these, 5% stated that this limitation occurred frequently. The factors that increased the chance of higher frequency of limitation at work due to voice were: being female (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.15-1.51); teach for elementary school (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02-1.78); use anxiolytic or antidepressant medications (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.20- 1.78); losing sleep due to worries (OR = 1.69, CI = 95% = 1.46-1.95); high noise at school (OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.78-2.46); hectic environment for students' indiscipline (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.15-1.63); high demands at work (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02-1.36); lacking social support (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04-1.38); have suffered verbal violence by students (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.23-1.67). In contrast, the practice of regular physical activity (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.75-1.00) and having sufficient time to perform work tasks (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0 , 62-0,82) decreased the chance of a higher frequency of limitation at work due to vocal problems. The perception that work limits teaching performance because of voice was more frequent among teachers in the North (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.17-1.71) and Northeast (OR = 1.46, CI95 regions). % = 1,22-1,76) compared to the Southeast region. Conclusion: This national study evaluated the impairment of vocal health and working conditions of Brazilian teachers. There was a high prevalence of work limitation due to voice problems, as well as reports of loud noise in schools. It was also found that the location of the school, as well as environmental and organizational aspects of work are associated with the perception of limitation at work due to vocal problems and loud noise in the school context.

Analysis of the cardiovascular effects on workers expose to occupational benzene-toluene-xylene and noise in a painting workshop of an automobile company / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To learn about the cardiovascular health effects of workers expose to benzene-toluene-xylene and noise in painting workshop of automobile manufacturing enterprises, and to provide intervention measures and strategies for the health of workers.@*Methods@#The effects of noise exposure, benzene-toluene-xylene exposure and combined exposure on workers' blood pressure and electrocardiogram were analyzed through epidemiological investigation, workplace monitoring and occupational health examination in several automobile enterprises which had carried out occupational hazard factors monitoring and occupational health examination in our hospital from April to October 2017.@*Results@#There were differences in age, sex, working years, smoking, drinking and physical exercise among workers in different exposure groups (P<0.05) . The systolic blood pressure level of workers in benzene-toluene-xylene exposure group and combined exposure group was significantly different comparing with control group (P< 0.05) , After the factors of age and working years were adjusted. The abnormity rate of electrocardiogram in workers were not statistically significant in all groups (P>0.05) .@*Conclusion@#The benzene-toluene-xylene exposure and noise combined with benzene-toluene-xylene exposure in painting workshop of automobile manufacturing enterprises has positive influence on the systolic blood pressure of workers. Regular physical examination and health intervention measures should be strengthened to improve health.